The Rio Santiago is a tributary of the Rio Marañón, which then becomes the Amazon River. Most of the Wampis people live here, the first Peruvian people to form an autonomous indigenous government. A political experience that arises from the struggles of recent decades for the rights of Peruvian ancestral territories and its peoples against corporations and oil industry. The conservation of the place and of the culture, of which the autonomous government of Wampis people is the spokesperson, collides with the urgency to respond to the "modern needs” of the population. The subsistence economy collides with the desire for emancipation and improvement of living conditions, but, at the same time, the only resources available are natural ones. My research looks at this difficult context through the eyes of young Wampis who experience the conflict of attachment to an ancestral culture and the call of emancipation and modernity.